What is a common co-morbidity associated with obstructive sleep apnea?

Hypertension is a common co-morbidity associated with obstructive sleep apnea due to the physiological changes that occur during apneic events. In obstructive sleep apnea, airway obstruction leads to intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation, which can activate the sympathetic nervous system and increase levels of stress hormones such as cortisol. These factors contribute to elevated blood pressure.

Individuals with obstructive sleep apnea are often found to have higher incidences of hypertension compared to those without the condition. It is particularly noteworthy that treating obstructive sleep apnea, such as with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, can sometimes lead to improvements in blood pressure levels. This relationship highlights how interconnected sleep disorders and cardiovascular health are, emphasizing the importance of screening for hypertension in patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea.

While other co-morbidities like diabetes, depression, and osteoporosis can also be associated with obstructive sleep apnea, the strong and direct connection between obstructive sleep apnea and hypertension makes hypertension a standout co-morbid condition.