What is the effect of sleep architecture changes as part of aging?

As individuals age, sleep architecture undergoes several changes that can lead to an increased likelihood of developing sleep disorders. One of the most notable changes is a decrease in slow-wave sleep (deep sleep) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. This decline in restorative sleep stages can result in lighter sleep and increased awakenings throughout the night, which can contribute to feelings of fatigue and can hinder overall sleep quality.

Additionally, older adults may experience changes in circadian rhythms, which can further disrupt sleep patterns. These alterations can make it more challenging to fall asleep, stay asleep, or achieve the restorative sleep needed for optimal functioning.

Consequently, the increased prevalence of sleep disturbances, such as insomnia and sleep apnea, is seen in older populations. Therefore, the association between age-related changes in sleep architecture and a higher incidence of sleep disorders is a well-documented phenomenon that underscores the complexity of sleep as it pertains to the aging process.