What type of disorders are categorized under parasomnias?

Parasomnias are a group of sleep disorders characterized by abnormal behaviors, emotions, or experiences that occur during sleep or transitions between sleep and wakefulness. This category includes behaviors such as sleepwalking, night terrors, sleep talking, and other movements or actions that take place during specific sleep stages. These disorders arise from inappropriate activation of central nervous system functions during sleep, leading to various manifestations that can disrupt the sleep of the individual or their partner.

The other choices represent different classes of sleep disorders. Breathing-related sleep issues involve problems like sleep apnea, which are primarily related to airway obstruction or other respiratory challenges. Chronic insomnia is classified as a sleep-wake disorder reflecting difficulty with sleep initiation, maintenance, or quality, and is not characterized by abnormal behaviors. Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) involves an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, often accompanied by uncomfortable sensations, and is considered a movement disorder rather than a parasomnia. Thus, the categorization of parasomnias is specifically focused on those abnormal behaviors occurring during sleep.