Which of the following factors can negatively impact sleep quality?

Excessive screen time before bed can significantly disrupt sleep quality due to the blue light emitted by screens, such as those on smartphones, tablets, and computers. This blue light can inhibit the production of melatonin, the hormone responsible for regulating sleep-wake cycles. When melatonin levels are reduced, it can become more challenging to fall asleep and stay asleep, which ultimately leads to poorer overall sleep quality.

In addition to the biological effects, engaging with stimulating content or interactive activities on screens can increase mental alertness and stress levels just before bedtime, further hindering the body's natural winding-down process necessary for restorative sleep. Therefore, minimizing screen time in the hour or two before sleep is critical in promoting a better sleep environment and enhancing sleep quality.