Which wave pattern is associated with light sleep (N1)?

The wave pattern associated with light sleep, specifically in stage N1 of the sleep cycle, is theta waves. During this initial stage of sleep, brain activity transitions from the waking state to sleep, and theta waves become prominent. These waves typically have a frequency range of 4 to 8 Hz and are characterized by a slower rhythm than the faster beta waves seen during wakefulness or alertness.

In the context of sleep stages, theta waves signify the early transition into sleep, as the body begins to relax, and the individual may experience fleeting thoughts or sensations. This is often accompanied by a decrease in muscle tone and the emergence of sleep spindles as the individual moves deeper into the sleep cycle. The presence of theta waves is a crucial indicator that the brain is entering this light sleep state.